ORACLE12C归档模式下RMAN全数据库备份

--首先，确认当前模式，为归档模式
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode	       Archive Mode
Automatic archival	       Enabled
Archive destination	       /home/oracle/archivelog/
Oldest online log sequence     15
Next log sequence to archive   17
Current log sequence	       17
...
以系统备份的角色，登录rman工具，DBID号最好保留记录，以后在特定情况下恢复数据库可能用得到(例如用rman全数据库备份,然后rman恢复到异机，就是非本机)
[oracle@host01 archivelog]$ rman target "'/ as sysbackup'"
Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 18 21:27:06 2021
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1535621266)   #DBID号非常重要，最好单独记录下来
...
--进行全数据库的备份
当前数据库不用关闭，直接热备
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;
...
Starting backup at 18-JAN-21       #开始归档日志文件的备份（seq14-15）
current log archived                        
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=79 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=16 STAMP=1062185952
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=17 STAMP=1062192475
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JAN-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JAN-21
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210118T212757_j0c36z0g_.bkp tag=TAG20210118T212757 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16
Finished backup at 18-JAN-21      #完成归档日志文件的备份（seq14-15）
...
Starting backup at 18-JAN-21       #开始数据文件备份
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/noarchivetest.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JAN-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JAN-21
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210118T212816_j0c37l4v_.bkp tag=TAG20210118T212816 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:22
Finished backup at 18-JAN-21   #完成数据文件备份
...
Starting backup at 18-JAN-21    #开始归档日志文件的备份（seq16）
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=18 STAMP=1062192759
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JAN-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JAN-21
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210118T213240_j0c3hr5o_.bkp tag=TAG20210118T213240 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JAN-21  #完成归档日志文件的备份（seq16）
...
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JAN-21 #开始控制文件和参数文件的备份
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/autobackup/2021_01_18/o1_mf_s_1062192761_j0c3hthv_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JAN-21 #完成了控制文件和参数文件的备份
...
--查看备份集，BS Key1和2 是非归档模式下的rman备份（冷备），3到6是归档模式下的备份，也就是上面操作的备份文件（热备）
RMAN> list backupset;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1       Full    1.22G      DISK        00:02:46     17-JAN-21      
        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210117T182716
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_17/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210117T182716_j084850o_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 2019591    17-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
  3       Full 2019591    17-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2019591    17-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
  5       Full 2019591    17-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/noarchivetest.dbf
  7       Full 2019591    17-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2       Full    10.20M     DISK        00:00:01     17-JAN-21      
        BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210117T183018
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/autobackup/2021_01_17/o1_mf_s_1062095142_j084fvvy_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 17-JAN-21
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2019591      Ckp time: 17-JAN-21

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3       100.02M    DISK        00:00:08     18-JAN-21      
        BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210118T212757
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210118T212757_j0c36z0g_.bkp

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 3
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    14      2323212    17-JAN-21 2377530    18-JAN-21
  1    15      2377530    18-JAN-21 2382029    18-JAN-21

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4       Full    1.24G      DISK        00:04:11     18-JAN-21      
        BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210118T212816
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210118T212816_j0c37l4v_.bkp

  List of Datafiles in backup set 4
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 2382053    18-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
  3       Full 2382053    18-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2382053    18-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
  5       Full 2382053    18-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/noarchivetest.dbf
  7       Full 2382053    18-JAN-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5       24.50K     DISK        00:00:00     18-JAN-21      
        BP Key: 5   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210118T213240
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/2021_01_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210118T213240_j0c3hr5o_.bkp

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 5
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    16      2382029    18-JAN-21 2382159    18-JAN-21

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6       Full    10.20M     DISK        00:00:01     18-JAN-21      
        BP Key: 6   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210118T213241
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/autobackup/2021_01_18/o1_mf_s_1062192761_j0c3hthv_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 18-JAN-21
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2382172      Ckp time: 18-JAN-21
...
--最后在系统终端用系统命令再次确认备份文件
[oracle@host01 trace]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/backupset/
[oracle@host01 backupset]$ ls
2021_01_17  2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 backupset]$ cd 2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 2021_01_18]$ ls      #存放数据文件和归档日志
o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210118T212757_j0c36z0g_.bkp  o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210118T213240_j0c3hr5o_.bkp  o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210118T212816_j0c37l4v_.bkp
[oracle@host01 2021_01_18]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/
[oracle@host01 ORCL]$ ls
archivelog  autobackup  backupset  onlinelog
[oracle@host01 ORCL]$ cd autobackup
[oracle@host01 autobackup]$ ls
2021_01_17  2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 autobackup]$ cd 2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 2021_01_18]$ ls     #存放控制文件和参数文件
o1_mf_s_1062192761_j0c3hthv_.bkp
[oracle@host01 2021_01_18]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ORCL/
[oracle@host01 ORCL]$ ls
archivelog  autobackup  backupset  onlinelog
[oracle@host01 ORCL]$ cd onlinelog/
[oracle@host01 onlinelog]$ ls
[oracle@host01 onlinelog]$ cd ..
[oracle@host01 ORCL]$ ls
archivelog  autobackup  backupset  onlinelog
[oracle@host01 ORCL]$ cd archivelog/
[oracle@host01 archivelog]$ ls
2021_01_16  2021_01_17  2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 archivelog]$ cd 2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 2021_01_18]$ ls
[oracle@host01 2021_01_18]$ cd ..
[oracle@host01 archivelog]$ ls
2021_01_16  2021_01_17  2021_01_18
[oracle@host01 archivelog]$ cd 2021_01_17
[oracle@host01 2021_01_17]$ ls
[oracle@host01 2021_01_17]$ 

end

对于数据库备份与还原这一部分理解或许有些帮助，供参考。

结合之前整理的非归档模式的实验，归档模式下备份的信息正好可以互相做个对比

整理的有点乱，主要是看看实际操作时的相关信息。知识点还是要看老师的PPT和视频。抛砖引玉~大家有操作中的体会也可以共同讨论~

--本资料由同学【星动行働】制作整理