Allen
2020-11-17
19:38:27
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瀑布流布局3种方式实现
一、用JS 实现瀑布流
瀑布流布局的特点是等宽不等高。
为了让最后一行的差距最小，从第二行开始，需要将图片放在第一行最矮的图片下面，以此类推。
父元素设置为相对定位，图片所在元素设置为绝对定位。然后通过设置 top 值和 left 值定位每个元素。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.box {
width: 100%;
position:relative;
}
.item {
position: absolute;
}
.item img{
width: 100%;
height:100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike72%2C5%2C5%2C72%2C24/sign=f3d4063328738bd4d02cba63c0e2ecb3/a2cc7cd98d1001e910616de1be0e7bec55e797fa.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
function waterFall() {
// 1 确定图片的宽度 - 滚动条宽度
var pageWidth = getClient().width-8;
var columns = 3; //3列
var itemWidth = parseInt(pageWidth/columns); //得到item的宽度
$(".item").width(itemWidth); //设置到item的宽度
var arr = [];
$(".box .item").each(function(i){
var height = $(this).find("img").height();
if (i < columns) {
// 2 第一行按序布局
$(this).css({
top:0,
left:(itemWidth) * i+20*i,
});
//将行高push到数组
arr.push(height);
} else {
// 其他行
// 3 找到数组中最小高度 和 它的索引
var minHeight = arr[0];
var index = 0;
for (var j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
if (minHeight > arr[j]) {
minHeight = arr[j];
index = j;
}
}
// 4 设置下一行的第一个盒子位置
// top值就是最小列的高度
$(this).css({
top:arr[index]+30,//设置30的距离
left:$(".box .item").eq(index).css("left")
});
// 5 修改最小列的高度
// 最小列的高度 = 当前自己的高度 + 拼接过来的高度
arr[index] = arr[index] + height+30;//设置30的距离
}
});
}
//clientWidth 处理兼容性
function getClient() {
return {
width: window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth,
height: window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight
}
}
// 页面尺寸改变时实时触发
window.onresize = function() {
//重新定义瀑布流
waterFall();
};
//初始化
window.onload = function(){
//实现瀑布流
waterFall();
}
</script>
</html>
二、column 多行布局实现瀑布流
column 实现瀑布流主要依赖两个属性。
一个是 column-count 属性，是分为多少列。
一个是 column-gap 属性，是设置列与列之间的距离。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.box {
margin: 10px;
column-count: 3;
column-gap: 10px;
}
.item {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.item img{
width: 100%;
height:100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike72%2C5%2C5%2C72%2C24/sign=f3d4063328738bd4d02cba63c0e2ecb3/a2cc7cd98d1001e910616de1be0e7bec55e797fa.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
</body>
三、flex 弹性布局实现瀑布流
flex 实现瀑布流需要将最外层元素设置为 display: flex，即横向排列。然后通过设置 flex-flow:column wrap 使其换行。设置 height: 100vh 填充屏幕的高度，来容纳子元素。每一列的宽度可用 calc 函数来设置，即 width: calc(100%/3 - 20px)。分成等宽的 3 列减掉左右两遍的 margin 距离。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
flex-flow:column wrap;
height: 100vh;
}
.item {
margin: 10px;
width: calc(100%/3 - 20px);
}
.item img{
width: 100%;
height:100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike72%2C5%2C5%2C72%2C24/sign=f3d4063328738bd4d02cba63c0e2ecb3/a2cc7cd98d1001e910616de1be0e7bec55e797fa.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
</body>
如果只是简单的页面展示，可以使用 column 多栏布局和 flex 弹性布局。如果需要动态添加数据，或者动态设置列数，就需要使用到 JS + jQuery。
此外，还要加上手机自适应功能。
参考资料：https://www.jb51.net/html5/691874.html
Tag: CSS 网页编程
